Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is an entity comprised of a heterogeneous constellation of RCC subtypes.Genomic profiling has broadened our understanding of molecular pathogenic mechanisms unique to individual nccRCC subtypes.To date, clinical trials evaluating here the use of immunotherapies and targeted therapies have predominantly been conducted in patients with clear cell histology.A comprehensive review of the literature has been undertaken in order to hp pavilion 15-eg1053cl describe molecular pathogenic mechanisms pertaining to each nccRCC subtype, and concisely summarise findings from therapeutic trials conducted in the nccRCC space.